Monday, January 27, 2025

探索自閉症系列 - 如何與自閉症朋友溝通?

探索自閉症系列 - 如何與自閉症朋友溝通?

接觸不少有自閉症的朋友,特別是成人朋友,他們的挑戰,比一般人都大,明白、理解他們,與他們溝通,需要極大的同理心和耐心。

自閉症家庭,比一般家庭有更多衝突和溝通的困難。

接納家人有自閉症,是幸福的第一步。

How to communicate with autism and love with them in harmony:

如何與自閉症患者生活和溝通?
以下是促進有效溝通和建立和諧關係的一些實用建議:

#探索自閉症系列





自閉症成人的成長故事

https://youtu.be/HC6LtWtJrBA?si=VOvYZaUi9_gK3ae-

今天和自閉症家人、朋友一起分享人生故事。令我非常感動的是:

1

這種家庭,常常會受到別人的歧視,但如果自己都不接納自己,就會陷入極度的焦慮和長期的痛苦。

我看到好多有自閉症家人和朋友的進步和成長,我看到他們的幸福來之不易,經歷了好多高高低低。

接納,是家庭幸福的第一步。

2

https://www.beauty321.com/post/34707#p2

 沒有人是完美的,每個面向的自己或多或少都有些缺點,即使曾經受傷,卻也都是自己的一部分,不要急著去否定不完美的自己,學習接納自己的不足、同時看到自己的美麗,發揮自己的長處和天賦,成為更好的自己。

3

我覺得接納自閉症的家人,是這些家庭幸福的第一步。

How to communicate with autism and love with them in harmony:

與自閉症患者生活和溝通需要理解、耐心和同理心。以下是促進有效溝通和建立和諧關係的一些實用建議:

https://poe.com/s/2GHqpnec8hkWqzlOFknu

Living and communicating with autistic individuals requires understanding, patience, and empathy. Here are some practical suggestions to foster effective communication and build a harmonious relationship:


1. Educate Yourself About Autism

  • Learn about autism to understand its traits and how it might influence communication, behavior, and sensory processing.
  • Recognize that autism is a spectrum, meaning every autistic person is unique with different strengths, challenges, and needs.

2. Practice Clear and Direct Communication

  • Use simple and explicit language: Avoid sarcasm, idioms, or ambiguous expressions, as they may be confusing.
    • Example: Instead of saying, "Can you give me a hand?" say, "Can you help me carry this box?"
  • Be literal and specific: If you want something, state it clearly.
  • Pause and give them time to process: Many autistic people may take longer to process and respond.

3. Understand Nonverbal Communication

  • Some autistic individuals may struggle with nonverbal cues like facial expressions or tone of voice.
  • If they have difficulty expressing themselves, consider alternative forms of communication, such as typing, drawing, or using communication devices.

4. Respect Their Sensory Needs

  • Sensory sensitivities are common. Bright lights, loud noises, strong smells, or even certain textures can be overwhelming.
    • Ask about preferences: For instance, "Are these lights too bright for you?"
    • Create a sensory-friendly environment by providing quiet spaces or sensory tools (like headphones or fidget toys).

5. Be Patient During Social Interactions

  • Autistic people may prefer less social interaction or need breaks during conversations.
  • Avoid forcing eye contact or pressuring them to engage in "typical" social norms.
  • Respect their boundaries and communication style.

6. Validate and Acknowledge Their Feelings

  • Listen actively and validate their emotions, even if their reactions seem different from yours.
  • Avoid dismissing their feelings as "overreacting" or "dramatic." For example, if they are overwhelmed, say, "I understand this is hard for you. Let me know how I can help."

7. Create Predictability and Routine

  • Autistic individuals often thrive in structured environments. Sudden changes can cause stress or anxiety.
    • Provide advance notice of changes: For example, "We're leaving in 10 minutes instead of 30."
    • Use visual schedules or lists to outline daily plans.

8. Focus on Strengths

  • Celebrate their talents and interests. Many autistic people have deep passions and unique abilities.
  • Encourage their special interests and find ways to bond over shared activities.

9. Avoid Making Assumptions

  • Don’t assume their abilities or preferences based on stereotypes about autism.
  • Instead, ask questions to understand them better, like, "What do you enjoy doing?" or "How can I support you?"

10. Foster Mutual Respect

  • Treat them as equals and respect their autonomy. Avoid talking down to them or infantilizing them.
  • If you're unsure about something, ask politely: "Is it okay if I do this?" or "What works best for you?"

11. Be Mindful of Meltdowns or Shutdowns

  • Meltdowns or shutdowns may occur when they feel overwhelmed. These are not intentional and require compassion:
    • Stay calm and supportive. Avoid scolding or punishing them.
    • Create a safe space for them to recover.
    • Learn potential triggers and work to minimize them.

12. Open and Honest Communication About Living Together

  • Discuss boundaries, routines, and preferences for shared spaces.
  • Respect their need for solitude, organization, or specific routines.
  • Work together to create compromises when conflicts arise.

13. Seek Support When Needed

  • If you're unsure how to navigate a situation, seek advice from autism professionals, therapists, or support groups.
  • There are many resources and communities that can guide you.

14. Embrace Their Humanity

  • Remember that autistic individuals are as diverse as neurotypical people. Focus on building a relationship based on mutual understanding, trust, and care.

By fostering a nurturing and understanding environment, you can build a positive, meaningful relationship and live harmoniously with an autistic person.


 **1。了解自閉症**

- 了解自閉症,理解其特徵以及它如何影響溝通、行為和感覺處理。

- 認識到自閉症是一個譜系問題,這意味著每個自閉症患者都是獨一無二的,具有不同的優勢、挑戰和需求。




**2。練習清晰直接的溝通**

- **使用簡單明確的語言**:避免使用諷刺、習慣用語或模稜兩可的表達,因為它們可能會造成混淆。

 - 例如:不要說“你能幫我一下嗎?”說:“你能幫我搬這個箱子嗎?”

- **要具體、準確**:如果你想要什麼,就清楚地說出來。

- **暫停並給他們時間去處理:**許多自閉症患者可能需要更長的時間來處理和回應。



*3。理解非語言溝通**

- 有些自閉症患者可能難以理解面部表情或語調等非語言暗示。

- 如果他們難以表達自己,請考慮其他形式的溝通,例如打字、繪畫或使用通訊設備。


 **4.尊重他們的感官需求**

- 感覺敏感很常見。明亮的燈光、巨大的噪音、強烈的氣味、甚至某些紋理都可能讓人難以忍受。

 - **詢問偏好**:例如,“這些燈對你來說是否太亮了?”

 - 透過提供安靜的空間或感官工具(如耳機或煩躁玩具)創造感官友善的環境。


### **5。在社交互動中保持耐心**

- 自閉症患者可能不喜歡社交互動,或在談話中需要休息。

- 避免強迫眼神接觸或迫使他們參與「典型」的社會規範。

- 尊重他們的界線和溝通方式。


**6.確認並認同他們的感受**

- 積極傾聽並認可他們的情緒,即使他們的反應似乎與您的反應不同。

- 避免將他們的感受視為「反應過度」或「戲劇化」。例如,如果他們不知所措,你可以說:“我知道這對你來說很難。請告訴我我能如何幫助你。”


**7。創造可預測性和常規性**

- 自閉症患者通常在結構化的環境中茁壯成長。突然的變化會引起壓力或焦慮。

 - **提前通知變更**:例如,“我們將在 10 分鐘後出發,而不是 30 分鐘。”

 - 使用視覺時間表或清單來概述每日計劃。


**8。專注於優勢**

- 慶祝他們的才華和興趣。許多自閉症患者有著強烈的熱情和獨特的能力。

- 鼓勵他們的特殊興趣並找到透過共同活動建立聯繫的方法。


**9。避免做出假設**

- 不要根據對自閉症的刻板印象來假設他們的能力或偏好。

- 相反,透過提問來更好地了解他們,例如“你喜歡做什麼?” ”或“我能為您做些什麼支持?


 **10。培養相互尊重**

- 平等對待他們並尊重他們的自主權。避免以居高臨下的口吻對他們講話,或把他們當成小孩看待。

- 如果您對某事不確定,請禮貌地詢問:“我可以這樣做嗎?”或“什麼最適合您?”


**11。警惕崩潰或關閉**

- 當他們感到不知所措時,可能會崩潰或關閉。這些都不是故意的,需要同情:

 - **保持冷靜並給予支持。

 - 為他們創造一個安全的康復空間。

 - 了解潛在的觸發因素並努力將其最小化。


**12。關於共同生活的公開而誠實的溝通**

- 討論共享空間的界限、慣例和偏好。

- 尊重他們對獨處、組織或特定慣例的需求。

- 發生衝突時共同努力尋求妥協。


**13。需要時尋求支持**

- 如果您不確定如何處理某種情況,請向自閉症專家、治療師或支持團體尋求建議。

- 有許多資源和社區可以指導您。


**14。擁抱他們的人性**

- 請記住,自閉症患者與神經正常人一樣多種多樣。注重建立基於相互理解、信任和關懷的關係。


透過創造一個充滿關懷和理解的環境,您可以與自閉症患者建立積極、有意義的關係並和諧地生活。

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0z5bQ_1kVV0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVBAYmY8slM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyZ4vut1-sY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsXQ_TpmCwg


How to communicate with non-verbal autistic adults

https://app2vox.com/resources/how-to-communicate-with-non-verbal-autistic-adults/





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